The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) supports research related to the basic understanding of microbiology and immunology leading to the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and medical diagnostics for the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of infectious and immune-mediated diseases. The NIAID, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases has a requirement to support research identifying ways to effectively treat bacterial infections with antimicrobials that minimize the development of drug resistance. This BAA targets infectious diseases where improved treatment strategies could reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance and preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials. A central goal of this solicitation is to target disease areas experiencing the greatest antimicrobial selective pressure, and within these areas, develop strategies that test the safety and effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches/regimens that reduce the probability of the emergence of drug resistance by minimizing unnecessary drug exposure.