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Impact of Water Quality on Hexavalent Chromium Removal Efficiency and Cost
The objectives of this project are to: 1) evaluate the impact of different water quality conditions on the removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and total chromium (total Cr) with leading technologies; and 2) provide capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) cost curves for implementing treatment modifications necessary to overcome such impacts and comply with a range of potential drinking water maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) ranging from 1 microgram per liter (µg/L) to 20 µg/L.
